History of Biomedical Research - 1900-1920

Animal Research Was Essential in the Following Developments:

• Treatment for pellagra (vitamin)
• Treatment for rickets (vitamin)
• Development of cardiac catheterization techniques
• Surgical advances in the suturing and grafting of blood vessels
• Discovery of heparin
• Development of the electrocardiograph
• Discovery of the causative agent of whooping cough
• Inoculation against typhoid fever
• Introduction of the use of tissue cultures
• Prevention of tetanus

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Nobel Prizes in Medicine Which Involved Animal Models:

Year	Scientist/s	Animal/s Used	Contribution Made
1901	von Behring	Guinea pig	Development of diphtheria antiserum
1902	Ross	Pigeon	Understanding of malaria life cycle
1904	Pavlov	Dog	Animal responses to conditioning and gastric functioning.
1905	Koch	Cow, sheep	Studies of pathogenesis of tuberculosis
1906	Golgi, Cajal	Dog, horse	Characterization of the central nervous system
1907	Laveran	Bird	Role of protozoa as cause of disease
1908	Metchnikov, Ehrlich	Bird, fish, guinea pig	Immune reactions and functions of phagocytes
1910	Kossel	Bird	Knowledge of cell chemistry through work on proteins including nuclear substances
1912	Carrel	Dog	Surgical advances in the suture and grafting of blood vessels
1913	Richet	Dog, rabbit	Mechanisms of anaphylaxis
1919	Bordet	Guinea pig, horse, rabbit	Mechanisms of immunity