History of Biomedical Research - 1950's

Animal Research Was Essential in the Following Developments:

• Prevention of poliomyelitis; first immunizations successful
• Development of open heart surgery and cardiac pacemaker
• Development of bone-marrow transplantation
• Discovery of DNA
• Discovery of chlorpromazine and other tranquilizers
• Development of cancer chemotherapy
• Understanding of how the brain processes visual information

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Nobel Prizes in Medicine Which Involved Animal Models:

Year	Scientist/s	Animal/s Used	Contribution Made
1950	Kendall, Hench, Reichstein	Cow	Antiarthritic role of adrenal hormones
1951	Theiler	Monkey, mouse	Development of yellow fever vaccine
1952	Waksman	Guinea pig	Discovery of streptomycin
1953	Krebs, Lipmann	Pigeon	Characterization of the citric acid cycle in cells
1954	Enders, Weller, Robbins	Monkey, mouse	Culture of poliovirus that led to development of vaccine
1955	Theorell	Horse	Nature and mode of action of oxidative enzymes
1957	Bovet	Dog, rabbit	Production of synthetic curare and its action on vascular and smooth muscle